1 Samuel 11:1

Authorized King James Version

Then Nahash the Ammonite came up, and encamped against Jabesh-gilead: and all the men of Jabesh said unto Nahash, Make a covenant with us, and we will serve thee.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּ֗עַל
came up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#2
נָחָ֔שׁ
Then Nahash
nachash, the name of two persons apparently non-israelite
#3
הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֔י
the Ammonite
an ammonite or (the adjective) ammonitish
#4
וַיִּ֖חַן
and encamped
properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch a tent; generally to encamp (for abode or s
#5
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
יָבֵישׁ֙
against Jabeshgilead
jobesh, the name of an israelite and of a place in palestine
#7
גִּלְעָ֑ד
gilad, a region east of the jordan; also the name of three israelites
#8
וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#9
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#10
אַנְשֵׁ֤י
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#11
יָבֵישׁ֙
against Jabeshgilead
jobesh, the name of an israelite and of a place in palestine
#12
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#13
נָחָ֔שׁ
Then Nahash
nachash, the name of two persons apparently non-israelite
#14
כְּרָת
Make
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#15
לָ֥נוּ
H0
#16
בְרִ֖ית
a covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#17
וְנַֽעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃
with us and we will serve
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Samuel, this passage highlights covenant through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout 1 Samuel.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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